Ruminant Nutrition - 747 Words

Supplementation of folic acid in ruminant Consequently, the role of FA in ruminant nutrition has largely been ignored. As folate plays crucial role in DNA synthesis and methionine cycle, its requirement increases during gestation and lactation. Recent evidences however, suggest that microbial synthesis may not be adequate to meet the high demand of FA during gestation and lactation (Ragaller et al., 2008). It is now quantitatively known that microbial synthesis of FA ranged from 16.5 to 21 mg/d in a high yielding cow weighing 650 kg and producing 35 kg of milk per day, whereas, the estimated requirement was 35 mg/cow (Scwab et al., 2006; Santschi et al., 2005). There are some studies which indicates that supplementation of FA increased the†¦show more content†¦This might be due to increased rumen activity due to increased supply of degradable carbohydrates. However, other studies (Santschi et al., 2005) did not observe any difference in rumen folate concentration in cows fed either 37 or 70% forages. Lower concentra tion of rumen folate in cows on high forage diet was attributed to the fact that most fibrolytic bacteria take up folate. A recent study shows evidences that fibrolytic bacteria need FA acid for growth and multiplication (Wang et al., 2016). Similarly, Heyes et al. (1966) and Girard et al. (1994) reported decreased rumen concentration of folate in cattle fed high forage diets. It is already demonstrated that Ruminococcus flavifaciens require folic acid, tetra-hydro folate or para-amino benzoic acid for growth and multiplication (Ayers, 1958; Slyter and Weaver, 1977; Scott and Dehority, 1965; Bryant and Robinson, 1961). Two strains of Rminococcus albus also required FA (Bryant and Robinson, 1961). Supplementation of rumen protected folic acid (RPFA) at 0. 0.6, 1.2 and 1.8 g/d to steers provided 0, 18.2, 36.4 and 54.6 mg/d of folic acid to rumen microorganisms, respectively. The influence of supplementation of RPFA on rumen fermentation was mostly quadratic (Wang et al., 2016). Secretion of cellulytic enzymes depend on the growth and multiplication of cellulyticShow MoreRelatedEssay about Placental Ruminants and Herbivorous Marsupials of Australia3561 Words   |  15 PagesPlacental Ruminants and Herbivorous Marsupials of Australia The marsupial animal species that have evolved on the isolated continent of Australia are unique compared to the rest of the animal kingdom in many ways due to the harsh and distinctive environment found on the continent. The major area of marsupial biology that distinguishes them from all other eutherian mammals is their mode of reproduction. 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Training Development Proposal Free Essays

Industry Development Programme – Introduction to Broadcast Technology VENUE Wireless Communication Centre, Faculty of Telecommunication, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Johor. 5th to 7th November 2012 A collaboration programme between SKMM Academy, Suruhanjaya Komunikasi dan Multimedia Malaysia and Wireless Communication Centre (WCC), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Overview of the program The Introduction to Broadcast Technology training is conducted over a period of 3 days and delivered by Academics. The programme will be held at the Wireless Communication Centre of Universiti Teknologi Malaysia in Skudai Johor. We will write a custom essay sample on Training Development Proposal or any similar topic only for you Order Now The course is designed by academics and SKMM regulators with extensive knowledge in spectrum management. The programme looks at the development of the broadcasting systems and services (in Malaysia – options). It covers both analog to digital broadcasting standards. Specifically, it describes in detail, television, radio (sound), and satellite broadcasting. The programme begins with an overview of broadcasting services followed by the academic definition of broadcast channels. It covers topics such as the broadcasting transceiver structures, modulations and standards. The concept of satellite TV and radio broadcasting will also be presented. The information of digital dividend will be the draw attention to of the three days programme, where the values of digital dividend for the emerging technologies are discussed and explained. At the end of the programme, a dialogue is performed on the issues of digital dividend in Malaysia in order to exchange views between participants and facilitators. Objective To ensure at the end of the programme, all participants should be able to: * Comprehend the concept of analog and digital broadcasting services. Make different between broadcasting standards, i. e. Radio, TV, and Satellite. * Express knowledge of broadcast channels from the perspective of information theory. * Give details the concept of the digital dividend. Audiences The course caters to the needs of those working within the broadcast sectors with a concern in the future improvement in terrestrial broadcasting. Participation evaluation At the end of the programme, all participants will be tested on their understanding of broadcast technology and concept of the digital dividend. Thereby, a certificate will be awarded to those participants that successfully pass the examination. Trainers (Instructors` Biodata) Dr. Norhudah Seman received her B. Eng. in Electrical Engineering (Telecommunications) from Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM) in 2003 and M. Eng. in RF/Microwave Communications from The University of Queensland, Brisbane, St. Lucia, Queensland Australia in 2005. In September 2009, she completed her PhD at the same university. She previously worked as an engineer with Motorola Technology, Penang Malaysia in 2003 where she was involved with RF and microwave components design and testing. She is a senior lecturer in the Faculty of WCC, UTM 8th to 10th October 2012 Electrical Engineering UTM and an academic staff member of Wireless Communication Centre (WCC). She has published two book chapters in a book entitled â€Å"Microwave and Millimetre Wave Technologies† and written about 16 technical articles of international journals and conference papers. Her research interests concern the design of microwave circuits for biomedical and industrial applications, UWB technologies and mobile communications. She may be contacted at huda@fke. utm. my Dr. Marwan Hadri Azmi received his B. Eng. in Electrical Engineering (Telecommunications) from Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM) in 2003 and M. SC. Degree in Communications and Signal Processing from Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, University of London in 2005 and the Ph. D degree from the University of New South Wales, Australia in 2012. He is currently a lecturer in Universiti Teknologi Malaysia. His research interests include communication, information and coding theory focusing on cooperative communications and LPDC coding. He may be contacted at hadri@fke. utm. my Programme Agenda DAY 1| Time| | Module/Activity| 8. 30am – 9. 00am| | Registration| 9. 00am – 9. 20am| | Opening Address| 9. 20am – 9. 30am| | Group Photo Session| 9. 30am – 10. 30am| | Topic 1: Introduction to Broadcasting Services| 10. 30am – 11. 00am| | Tea Break| 11. 00am – 1. 00pm| | Topic 2 – Broadcast Channel from The Point of View of Information Theory. | 1. 00pm – 2. 00pm| | Lunch| 2. 00pm – 3. 30pm| | Topic 3 – Analog Broadcasting – Radio| 3. 30pm – 4. 00pm| | Tea Break| 4. 00pm – 5. 0pm| | Topic 4 – Analog Broadcasting – TV| DAY 2| Time | | Module/Activity | | | | 8. 30am – 10. 30am | | Topic 5 – Digital Broadcasting | 10. 30am – 11. 00am | | Tea Break | 11. 00am – 1. 00pm | | Topic 6 – Digital Audio Broadcasting (DAB) | 1. 00pm – 2. 00pm | | Lunch Break | 2. 00pm – 3. 30pm | | To pic 7 – Digital Terrestrial Television Broadcasting (DTTB) | 3. 30pm – 4. 00pm | | Tea Break | 4. 00pm – 5. 30pm | | Topic 8 – Satellite Broadcasting | DAY 3| Time | | Module/Activity | | | | 8. 30am – 10. 30am | | Topic 9 – Digital Dividend | 0. 30am – 11. 00am | | Tea Break | 11. 00am – 1. 00pm | | Topic 10 – Issues in Digital Dividend | 1. 00pm – 2. 00pm | | Lunch Break | 2. 00pm – 3. 30pm | | Topic 11 – Written exam and closing ceremony | 3. 30pm – 4. 00pm | | Tea | Training methods There are lots of training methods to be used in this training program which could enhance the interest and cooperation of the participants which will be more effective instead of using old training materials like one way communication that not really function to the purpose of the program. Below are the training methods that will be used in this training program which includes: * Card games * Survey * Pre workshop questionnaire * Focus group * Conceptual input * Teamwork and presentations Registration Form Course Title:| | Introduction to Broadcast Technology| Dates:| | 5th to 7th November 2012| Venue:| | Wireless Communication Centre, Faculty of Telecommunication, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai. | Fees*:| | RM300/-| *Fees do not include accommodation and travelling expenses and these are to be borne by participants. Delegate Details Name of Participant | Designation and Department | Organisation and Address | | | | Email Address | Direct Line | Mobile Number | | | | | Signature and Company stamp | | Date | The closing date for registration has been extended to 3. 00 pm 12th October 2012. For any queries please contact us at the address below, send an email to skmm. academy@cmc. gov. my or call any of the following numbers: Azhar Zin | +60 (3) 8688 8162 | Gayathiri | +60 (3) 8688 8394 | | | | | How to cite Training Development Proposal, Essay examples

Access and Equity free essay sample

Two terms that are import to sport and closely linked are equality and equity. While being closely linked and sometimes though the mean the same both have different meaning in relation to sport. Firstly the term equality refers to a situation where individuals as well as groups are equal and have the same rights and ability to access opportunities. Secondly the term equity can be studied to determine whether resources are distributed fairly to all members of a society. Both of these terms can be closely connected with physical activity. Figueroa’s framework was developed in 1990 by professor peter Figueroa as a way to explain how access in sport and physical activity can vary between individuals. In this framework 5 different headings are seen. The individual level is about the personal attributes of an individual which determines their access to sport. The interpersonal level focus on the interactions one may have with significant others including coaches, parents etc. We will write a custom essay sample on Access and Equity or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page the institutional level recognising that there are significant other institutions that have rules that may impact someone’s access to physical activity. The structural level shows that peoples access to sport and physical activity may be influenced by the distribution of resources both human and financial. And the last level is the cultural level. This level individuals or group’s beliefs, values and coaches may affect ones equity in accessing physical activity. All of these level allow us to further understand why individuals, and group’s access to sport, or physical activity may not always be equitable or equal. Focusing on the structural level of figuros framework, it can be seen that equity and access in the PE class is not always fair. By first focusing on physical resources such as equipment, it is evident that there is never enough to enable everyone to be playing badminton at once. With 27 people in this PE class and only three courts there is definitely not enough room for everyone to participate at once, therefore leading some unable to do anything forced to sit and watch. The problem could be fixed by better uses some other resources which can include using the Brigid centre court, which will allow more people to play at once. Though by doing this creates another issue of the resource of a teacher, by the teacher being in one sport, thers in the other sport will not be obtaining equal coaching. By just looking at this one level of structure it is evident that our PE class unfortunately is not equitable. One inequity that continues to arise is the issue of transport and supervision. This has been experienced personally as there has been many time when I have been unable to participate due to my parents working and myself being unable to travel where I need to be. Many of these times though I have been able to fix this issue by carpooling with friends or even coaches. In the future I will continue to encounter more inequity issues in sport and physical activity. One of these may possibly be financial. The cost of being a part of a sporting club continues to rises as the fee’s go up and so does the price of uniforms. It may come a day where the cost is too large and as an adult in the future I may not be able to afford these costs for myself of my children. Equity and equality and subjects that are continually related back to sport and physical activity. By looking and understanding the 5 levels of Figaro’s framework we are able to see how access to physical activity and sport may be to as fair to all individuals.